Glossary
The hand copies and protocol catalogues of Galerie Hugo Helbing often contain historical designations of objects, business processes and the actorsinvolved in an auction. Some of these terms are outdated or incomprehensible in today's usage. The following glossary lists - without claiming to be complete - some of these terms. The term "Einlieferer" or "Einlieferin", which is common today, is not to be found in the hand copies or in contemporary literature. Persons or institutions who consign objects to an auction for the purpose of selling them at auction are referred to differently in the catalogues: as "Beiträger", "(Fremde) Besitzer", "(Auktions-Teilnehmer)" or also "Auftraggeber". However, persons who have submitted auction orders are also called " Auftraggeber". To avoid misunderstandings, the term "Einliefernde", which is common today, is used here. The term "Limit" is also not always unambiguous. As a rule, it refers to the minimum price at which a lot may be knocked down by agreement between the consignor and the auction house. Occasionally, however, bids submitted in the run-up to the auction are also referred to as "Limit". In addition, the hand copies contain further historical terms whose meaning within the business procedures of Galerie Helbing has not yet been finally clarified. These include, for example, "in Offert", "ohne Garantie" and "Kompensation".
à tout prix | instead of a limit price: lot shall be sold "at any price" |
Anhaltspreis | see Schätzpreis |
Aufgeld | sales commission, which a buyer must pay in addition to the hammer price, the amount of which is usually specified in the terms and conditions of the auction. |
aufwerfen | first presentation of a lot with the naming of a prize |
(Auktions-)Teilnehmer | see Einlieferer |
ausbieten | see aufwerfen |
außer Katalog Objekte | lots sold at auction but not listed in the printed catalogue |
Beiträge | see Liste der Personen, die Objekte eingeliefert haben |
Besitzer | see Einlieferer |
bestmöglichst | instead of a limit price: lot shall be sold at the highest bid |
Einlieferer | person who consigns objects for the purpose of sale at auction |
Ersteigerungsauftrag | written bid received in advance of the auction for a specific |
Gebot | price offered for a lot during the auction |
Hammerpreis | see Zuschlagpreis |
Handexemplar | copy of the auction catalog annotated by employees of the auction house |
Ho / Hö | see bestmöglichst |
Höchstgebot | highest price bid for a lot during the auction |
Käufer | person who bought a lot at auction |
Kaufpreis | surcharge plus buyer‘s premium |
Kommissionär | person who places bids on behalf of another person |
Limit / Limitpreis | minimum price at which a lot may be sold by agreement between the owner and the auction house |
Liste der Personen, die einen Ersteigerungsauftrag eingereicht haben | list of persons or companies who have submitted a (written) bidding order in advance of an auction to bid for a specific lot at a specific maximum price, usually arranged alphabetically. |
Liste der Personen, die Objekte eingeliefert haben | list of persons or companies who consign objects for the purpose of sale at auction, usually arranged numerically. |
Los | object/group of objects to be sold at auction |
nach Ermessen | instead of a limit price: lot shall be sold at the discretion of the auction house |
Nachlass | discount on the surcharge, which was usually given to art dealers and museums |
Protokollkatalog | annotated copy of the auction catalogue documenting the results of an auction |
Retour | unsold lot which has not reached the agreed limit price and/or which has not been knocked down |
Schätzung / Schätzpreis | price at which a lot could be sold in the auction |
Taxe / Taxpreis | see Schätzung |
Zuschlag | issued by the management of the auction by a hammer blow if no further bid is made after the highest bid has been called three times |
Zuschlagpreis | highest bid at which a lot is awarded |